Section 3154 specifically empowers pretrial services officers with the authority to collect information from defendants and other sources relative to the matter of bail. Title 18, United States Code, Sections 3152 through 3154 pertain to the administration and the supervision authority of pretrial services officers in the federal criminal system. Once a defendant has been convicted of the federal charges, Title 18, United States Code, Section 3141(b) vests authority with district judges and the appellate courts to make bail determinations pending the imposition or execution of sentence, or pending appeal of the same. The term 'judicial officers' is defined in Title 18, United States Code, Section 3156, along with other terms relevant to the matter of bail in criminal cases. Title 18, United States Code, Section 3141(a) gives 'judicial officers' authority to make determinations regarding bail in all stages of a criminal case, up to and including the trial stage.

These sections contain specific guidelines that 'judicial officers' must follow in considering whether a defendant should be detained or released pending federal criminal proceedings. In federal criminal proceedings, release and detention determinations are governed by the Bail Reform Act of 1984. at 752, and 'the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment'. The subject of bail and detention also implicates the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause, and requires that laws imposing pretrial detention 'serve a compelling governmental interest', Salerno, 481 U.S. 739, 754-55 (1987)('eighth amendment does not grant absolute right to bail'). The United States Supreme Court has interpreted this amendment to prohibit the imposition of excessive bail without creating a right to bail in criminal cases.

General Provisions Regarding Bail and Detention in Criminal Cases: The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that 'xcessive bail shall not be required.

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